Automatic detection of verbal chilenismos using morphosyntactic rules. First results

En el presente artículo, se describen las tareas realizadas para el desarrollo de un extractor automático de verbos diferenciales del español chileno mediante la aplicación de reglas de lenguaje natural. A partir de este objetivo, se procedió a la modelización de características léxicas, morfológicas y sintácticas de estas expresiones, la cual permitió la posterior implantación en máquina. En primer lugar, se clasificaron los chilenismos verbales en cuatro tipos, según su uso registrado en los diccionarios y su naturaleza sintáctica: puros, puros pronominales, de sentido y de sentido pronominales. En segundo lugar, se establecieron reglas sintácticas para el reconocimiento automático. En el trabajo computacional se utilizaron las herramientas Smorph y Módulo Post Smorph, que trabajan en bloque a base de reglas del lenguaje natural. Este método se probó en un corpus compuesto por 5.194 tweets, producidos por usuarios chilenos, logrando 85,54% de precisión, 96.16% de cobertura y 90,53% de medida f. Los resultados permiten validar el método propuesto, aunque se detectaron algunas limitaciones y detecciones erróneas, lo que implicaría la necesidad de especificación de algunas reglas y la creación de nuevas, tanto para la detección automática como para el filtrado de etiquetados erróneos.In this paper, the tasks made for obtaining an automatic extractor for verbal chilenismos using natural language rules are described. With this objective, a formalization of lexical, morphological and syntactic features was made, for a subsequent computational implementation. Firstly, verbal chilenismos were classified in four kinds, according to the use registered in the dictionaries and syntactic features: pure, pure-clitic, of sense, and of sense- clitic. Secondly, syntactic rules were established for the automatic recognition. Smorph and Post Smorph Module were used in the computational work, both use natural language rules. The method was tested in a corpus composed by 5194 tweets produced in Chile, obtaining 85.54% of precision, 96.16% of coverage, and 90.53% of F-measure. The results show that this method is able for this kind of work, all the same, some limitations and mistakes were detected and more specific and new rules are necessary for the recognition task and for filtering wrong tagged

Pobreza en México: Factor de vulnerabilidad para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático

Poverty levels that occur in Mexico are a problem that is becoming increasingly acute in the different territorial levels. The shortage of financial resources for access to goods, services and cultural factor, constitute the main constraint to access an adequate standard of living, which provide comprehensive security conditions in the population. This condition is a determining factor in the inability to deal with the various hydrometeorological and geological phenomena that occur as part of climatic changes in the Earth system, a situation that undermines the population living in poverty to suffer the ravages in all dimensions: physical, economic and social. Climate change, seen as a process that has been more acute due to human activity in the different territorial levels weakens the ability of response and prevention of disasters caused by it, not just vulnerable groups, rather, intervention government agencies, leading to moments of political, economic and social instability in the different action levels (local, state and national).Rev. iberoam. bioecon. cambio clim. Vol. 1 num 2, 2015, pág. 1-19Los niveles de pobreza que se presentan en México constituyen una problemática que se agudiza cada vez más en las diferentes escalas territoriales. La escasez de recursos económicos para el acceso a bienes, servicios y el factor cultural, constituyen la principal restricción para acceder a un nivel de vida adecuado, el cual proporcione condiciones integrales de seguridad en la población. Dicha condición resulta un factor determinante en la imposibilidad para hacer frente a los distintos fenómenos hidrometeorológicos y geológicos que se presentan como parte de las alteraciones climáticas en el sistema terrestre, situación que vulnera a la población en condición de pobreza a padecer los estragos en todas sus dimensiones: física, económica y social. El cambio climático, visto como un proceso que ha venido agudizándose debido a la actividad antrópica en las diferentes escalas territoriales, debilita la capacidad de respuesta y prevención de desastres ocasionados por éste, no sólo en los grupos vulnerables, más bien, en la intervención de las instancias gubernamentales, lo que conlleva a momentos de inestabilidad política, económica y social en los diferentes niveles de actuación (local, estatal y nacional).Rev. iberoam. bioecon. cambio clim. Vol. 1 num 2, 2015, pág. 1-1

Caracterización de tormentas locales severas en Camagüey, archipiélago cubano

Ponencia presentada en: 1er Encuentro sobre Meteorología y Atmósfera de Canarias, celebrado en el Puerto de la Cruz, los días 12,13 y 14 de noviembre de 2003. El encuentro estuvo organizado por el Centro Meteorológico Territorial en Canarias Occidental, con la colaboración del Observatorio Atmosférico de Izaña y del Grupo de Física de la Atmósfera de la Facultad de Física (Universidad de La Laguna)Se presentan las variables más informativas del estudio de 25 eventos severos estudiados con vista a perfeccionar los indicadores radáricos de Tormentas Locales Severas ocurridas en el archipiélago cubano, destacándose para tales fines la altura de la reflectividad máxima vertical, la densidad VIL, el VIL, la altura del tope y la reflectividad máxima horizontal

The O-mannosylation and production of recombinant APA (45/47 KDa) protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Streptomyces lividans is affected by culture conditions in shake flasks

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Ala-Pro-rich <it>O</it>-glycoprotein known as the 45/47 kDa or APA antigen from <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>is an immunodominant adhesin restricted to mycobacterium genus and has been proposed as an alternative candidate to generate a new vaccine against tuberculosis or for diagnosis kits. In this work, the recombinant <it>O</it>-glycoprotein APA was produced by the non-pathogenic filamentous bacteria <it>Streptomyces lividans</it>, evaluating three different culture conditions. This strain is known for its ability to produce heterologous proteins in a shorter time compared to <it>M. tuberculosis</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three different shake flask geometries were used to provide different shear and oxygenation conditions; and the impact of those conditions on the morphology of <it>S. lividans </it>and the production of rAPA was characterized and evaluated. Small unbranched free filaments and mycelial clumps were found in baffled and coiled shake flasks, but one order of magnitude larger pellets were found in conventional shake flasks. The production of rAPA is around 3 times higher in small mycelia than in larger pellets, most probably due to difficulties in mass transfer inside pellets. Moreover, there are four putative sites of <it>O</it>-mannosylation in native APA, one of which is located at the carboxy-terminal region. The carbohydrate composition of this site was determined for rAPA by mass spectrometry analysis, and was found to contain different glycoforms depending on culture conditions. Up to two mannoses residues were found in cultures carried out in conventional shake flasks, and up to five mannoses residues were determined in coiled and baffled shake flasks.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The shear and/or oxygenation parameters determine the bacterial morphology, the productivity, and the <it>O</it>-mannosylation of rAPA in <it>S. lividans</it>. As demonstrated here, culture conditions have to be carefully controlled in order to obtain recombinant <it>O</it>-glycosylated proteins with similar "quality" in bacteria, particularly, if the protein activity depends on the glycosylation pattern. Furthermore, it will be an interesting exercise to determine the effect of shear and oxygen in shake flasks, to obtain evidences that may be useful in scaling-up these processes to bioreactors. Another approach will be using lab-scale bioreactors under well-controlled conditions, and study the impact of those on rAPA productivity and quality.</p

Impact of power ultrasound on chemical and physicochemical quality indicators of strawberries dried by convection

[EN] A study on the quality parameters of strawberries dehydrated by convection assisted by power ultrasound (US) at 40 70 C and 30 and 60W has been carried out for the first time. In general, the quality of US-treated samples was higher than that of commercial samples. Even under the most severe conditions used (US at 70 C and 60 W), high values of vitamin C retention (>65%) and scarce advance of Maillard reaction (2-furoylmethyl derivatives of Lys and Arg < 90 mg 100 g 1 protein) were observed. Rehydration ratio was not affected by the power applied and the obtained values were similar to those of convectively-treated samples. According to the results here presented, US is a suitable example of an emerging and environmentally friendly technology that accelerates convective drying, allowing the obtainment of dried strawberries with premium quality.This work has been funded by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and ERDF (FEDER) (Project DPI2012-37466-C03-03), Fun-c-Food (CSD2007-00063 Consolider-INGENIO 2010), CYTED IBEROFUN (P109AC0302) and Comunidad de Valencia, Project PROMETEO/2010/062. J.G.S. also thanks CSIC and the EU for a predoctoral JAE grant. A.C.S. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for a Ramon y Cajal contract.Gamboa-Santos, J.; Montilla, A.; Cortijo Soria, A.; Cárcel Carrión, JA.; García Pérez, JV.; Villamiel, M. (2014). Impact of power ultrasound on chemical and physicochemical quality indicators of strawberries dried by convection. Food Chemistry. 161:40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.106S404616

Obtaining protoanemonin through selective oxidation of Dfructose and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural in a self-catalysed reaction

Although different ways of converting 5- (hydroxymethyl)furfural (1) to various substrates with high value have been sought, few transformations have obtained building blocks that can be very useful in the area of fine chemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis of protoanemonin (5-methylenefuran-2(5H)- one) from D-fructose via compound (1), a versatile γalkylidenebutenolide, using an efficient self-catalysed process with formic acid, with high reaction performance and selectivity (up to 94% yield and 98% conversion from (1), while 28% yield from Dfructose). This efficient and simple operational process involved a two-phase aqueous-organic system between chlorinated solvents (CHxCly) and hydrogen peroxide as the initial oxidizing agent. The reaction presents a key cleavage in the 5-hydroxymethyl moiety of (1), due to the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation (BVO) process that generates formic acid in situ. Ultimately, DFF and HMF were successfully obtained in 80% and 98% yield, respectively, starting from D-fructose and using Preyssler heteropolyacids as Brønsted acid catalysts under an atmosphere of oxygen in the absence of hydrogen peroxide.Fil: Martínez, José J.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Páez, Luis A.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Gutiérrez, Luisa F.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Pardo Cuervo, Oscar H.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Rojas, Hugo A.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Portilla, Jaime. Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia; ColombiaFil: Castillo, Juan Carlos. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; Colombia. Universidad de los Andes; ColombiaFil: Gamboa Becerra, Diana Paola. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; Colombi

Contralateral asymmetry for breast cancer detection : A CADx approach

Early detection is fundamental for the effective treatment of breast cancer and the screening mammography is the most common tool used by the medical community to detect early breast cancer development. Screening mammograms include images of both breasts using two standard views, and the contralateral asymmetry per view is a key feature in detecting breast cancer. we propose a methodology to incorporate said asymmetry information into a computer-aided diagnosis system that can accurately discern between healthy subjects and subjects at risk of having breast cancer. Furthermore, we generate features that measure not only a view-wise asymmetry, but a subject-wise one. Briefly, the methodology co-registers the left and right mammograms, extracts image characteristics, fuses them into subjectwise features, and classifies subjects. In this study, 152 subjects from two independent databases, one with analog- and one with digital mammograms, were used to validate the methodology. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.738 and 0.767, and diagnostic odds ratios of 23.10 and 9.00 were achieved, respectively. In addition, the proposed method has the potential to rank subjects by their probability of having breas

Aislamiento de Levaduras Killer en Alimentos.

Las levaduras killer, se caracterizan por secretar una toxina proteica, llamada “toxina killer” que es letal para cepas sensibles de su misma especie o especies de diferentes géneros, pero siendo ellas mismas inmunes a sus propias toxinas. Estas pueden ser utilizadas como biocontrol en la poscosecha de alimentos. Se tomaron muestras de tepache y queso fresco del cual se aislaron 7 y 8 levaduras en el medio YEPD (Extracto de levadura, peptona, dextrosa y agar bacteriológico) se incubaron a 25ºC por 48h. Se realizó el ensayo Killer para dichas levaduras en placas con agar YEPD-MB (Extracto de levadura, peptona, dextrosa, agar bacteriológico con azul de metileno), realizando 8 divisiones en la placa cada levadura susceptible del panel se inoculó a manera de césped (ATCC26609, Ca023, VG028, Derma5, RG001 y WG002) para posteriormente agregar en cada división una levadura aislada y la levadura control LALVIN (Killer) y se incubaron a 25ºC por 48 horas. Obteniendo 6 levaduras con el fenotipo Killer para el tepache y 7 levaduras en el queso fresco, la conservación de las cepas se llevó a cabo en tubos falcón con una solución de glicerol 20% y agua destilada 80%. Posteriormente permanecenen congelación a 4º C

Comparative study on the valorization of Sargassum from the Mexican Caribbean coast and Gulf of California as an ingredient on healthy diets for shrimp farming

Funding: This work received the financial support of the project GCRFNGR4/1388 "Algae bloom: waste resource for aquaculture and bioenergy industry in Mexico".Sargassum biomass is a potential ingredient for aquaculture formulations due to its high nutritional value and availability, as it contains a variety of essential nutrients including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, antioxidants, fiber, and minerals, which are essential for aquatic growing, development and health parameters including digestibility and immune response against diseases. Therefore, in this work, five experimental diets were formulated considering 2.5 % and 5 % levels of inclusion of Sargassum spp. from the Mexican Caribbean coasts (SC), and from the Gulf of California (SG), and one reference diet as a control. The characterization of the raw material and the proximal analysis of the five diets were evaluated according to standard reference methods. A 35-day feeding trial was conducted using juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei showed a shrimp survival rate of 97 ± 6 % (p > 0.05) on SC. Excellent weight gain (WG) performance of SC and SG diets at 2.5 % of inclusion resulted in >10 % WG compared to the control. The specific activity of amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin showed a significant increase by including Sargassum in diets, compared with the reference diet. Incorporating Sargassum at 2.5 % in feed formulations for shrimps showed a great opportunity to use it as an ingredient and improved production yields. The digestion and absorption parameters were represented by the enzymatic activity in which the diets based on Sargassum spp. from the Mexican Caribbean coast (SC) have resulted in the best performance.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Drone aggregation behavior in the social wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Effect of kinship and density

Inbreeding can have negative consequences on population viability because of the reduced fitness of the progeny. In general, most species have developed mechanisms to minimize inbreeding such as dispersal and kin avoidance behavior. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, related individuals typically share a common nest and have relatively short mating periods, this could lead to inbreeding, and because of their single?locus complementary sex determination system, it may generate diploid males that could result in infertile triploid progeny representing a cost for the colony. Vespula germanica, is an eusocial wasp that has invaded many parts of the world, despite likely facing a reduced genetic pool during the arrival phases. We ask whether male wasp display specific aggregation behavior that favors genetic diversity, key to reduce inbreeding. Through a set of laboratory experiments, we investigated the effects of drone nestmateship and density on the aggregation behavior of V. germanica drones. We show that drones avoid aggregating with their nestmates at all densities while non-nestmates are avoided only at high densities. This suggests that lek genetic diversity and density could be regulated through drone behavior and in the long run minimize inbreeding favoring invasion success.Fil: Masciocchi, Maité. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Angeletti, Bárbara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Corley, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Von Ellrichshausen, Andres Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin